Copper Bioavailability and Leaching in Conventional and Organic Viticulture under Environmental Stress

The continuous use of Cu-based fungicides in viticulture has caused Cu accumulation soils, which represents a major environmental and toxicological concern. purpose this study was to verify whether the organic management would be more resilient temperature moisture stresses comparison conventional practices. Two two vineyard contrasting pH, were exposed for six months stress (29 °C), (10% water holding capacity—WHC), combined °C—10% WHC). Main soil properties, speciation, bioavailability, leaching monitored before after 6 months’ incubation. Results confirm that increase decrease both total carbon (TOC) dissolved (DOC) (up 19% 49%, respectively), available ammonium, an nitrate. Moisture tends mitigate some these changes. Despite that, changes bioavailability limited rarely significant. Moreover, no regular trends between could observed. Changes pH N (TN) appeared as most influencing properties regulate behavior soils. Calcareous soils resistant compared acid regardless type (conventional or organic).